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  What’s Contact Angle?

Contact angle,θ, is defined as the angle between tangent of gas-liquid interface and that of solid-liquid interface formed at the three phases’ boundary where liquid, vapor and solid intersect.

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 Fields of Application

●Surfactant, soap & detergent ●Emulsion ●Analysis of polymer and surface modification ●Pharmaceutical, e.g. wettability analysis of artificial bone ●Spray, painting & coating ●Paper, film & ink ●Cosmetic ●Hydrophilicity contact angle determination of air conditioner’s aluminum foil ●Wettability analysis of rock core, coal mine stone and electrical insulator ●Wettability analysis of polaroid, film and wafer surface

●Hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity transformation by UV irradiation ●Analysis of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of fabric ●Food industry ●Effect analysis of surface treatment ●Cleanness analysis ●Stability analysis of emulsion & foam ●Adsorption and competition of surfactant, protein & polymer ●Characterization of interface rheological properties ●Surface cleanness analysis of PCB, chips (wafer), LCD/LED and high precision machinery elements ●Wetting analysis of carbon fiber, glass fiber and resin ●Electro-wetting transformation and the relevant change of its contact angle

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 International norms and standards

→　ASTM D 724: Standard Test Method for Surface Wettability of Paper (Angle-of-Contact Method)

→　ASTM D 5946-2004: Standard Test Method for Corona-Treated Polymer Films Using Water Contact Angle Measurements

→  ISO 15989: Plastics- Film and sheeting - Measurement of water - contact angle of corona-treated films

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USA KINO makes comprehensive analysis of both merit and demerit of various optical contact angle meters around the world. And SL150 series are our update products in terms of long-term experience in R&D and on-site production. For the purpose of cost control and performance improvement, comprehensive optimization has been made in mechanism and optical system; Software design to maintain movement of sample stage and lens stability and to provide high definition and performance images.

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More accurate, stable and diversified mechanical system

1. Precision positioning stage, linear guide, screw technology used in mechanical system, with precision up to 0.01mm by manual and 0.5μm by software control respectively.

2. Uniquely-designed mechanism of up to multi axis control, coordinate the operation of sample stage, lens, camera and dosing system.

3. Zero-backlash and low error on-axis optical positioning stage guarantees stability, repeatability and exceptionally smooth motion.

4. Professional high-precision direct syringe pump system with accuracy of droplet control down to 0.02μL or even nL (optional), which can be applied to high-precision repetitive liquid dosing.

5. Flexible focus control system and micro distance of needles moving (about 0.01mm) makes more accurate and easier operation of transferring drops, especially for super-hydrophobic biomimetic material surface test.

6. Integrate designed instrument with mainframe made of high-grade aviation aluminum guarantees its handiness and fastness.

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More professional and comfortable design of mechanism 

1. Unique mechanism of fixed focal distance and high-precision adjustable positioning stage, with easier and more accurate focal distance obtaining and clearer image shape.

2. Soft light plate made of frosted quartz glass achieves clearer, sharper and softer background light and better drop shape.

3. Unique design of syringe replaceable direct dosing system makes it easy to hold KINO’s OEM syringe or special syringe with PTFE needle, ultra-thin needle (OD:0.23mm) for measuring hydrophobic material and syringe measuring medium / high viscosity sample.

4. System with four levelness adjustment units:  

Except one complete machine levelness adjustment via quadrupled tuning knob and one precision tilting angle adjustment of lens and camera via 1 axis tilt platform stage with micrometer, we provide one multi-axis tilt platform with micrometer to adjust the levelness of sample stage. All these guarantee the accuracy of base line detection.

6. Adjustment both by hardware and software with better base line detection.

The levelness adjusting mechanism, illumination-adjustable LED cold light source as well as CAST  3.0 software system provide you strong assurance of better base line detection, and more convenient measurement of roll-off contact angle and advancing/receding contact angle.

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Sharper edge and high-speed optical vision system 

1. Illumination-adjustable cold LED light source technology with sharper and clearer drop contour profile shape, effectively avoiding drop evaporation caused by excessive heat.

2. Higher quality camera with speed of 87-340FPS made in Germany (standard WVGA format). (Optional with cameras of 130M, 300M, 500M)

3.Fixed -zoom industrial telecentric lens of high-magnification, with magnification 0.8X.

4. USB2.0 standard port provides faster speed and higher compatibility with laptops and newly designed desktops, free from incompatibility or inconvenience of inserting image capture cards or 1394B PCI express card.

5. Optional with high-speed cameras with AOI technology (speed of 100FPS, 300FPS, 1000FPS are available)

6. Optional with GigE or CameraLink cameras for faster data transmission and better stability.

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Interfacial chemical analytical system (ADSA^TM) CAST 3.0 with more functionalities and more comfortable user interface

1. Six drop shape states for analysis:

Sessile drop (liquid/gas, liquid/liquid/gas), pendant drop, captive drop, tilted plate and oscillated drop

2. Seven methods to calculate contact angle and nearly 20 kinds of curve-fitting technologies:

(1) Exclusive methods of θ/2, circle fitting, ellipse fitting, RealDrop^TM, spline curve-fitting, Young-Laplace equation fitting, curve ruler (tangent method);

(2) Dynamic / static contact angle measurement

(3) 20 exclusive curve ruler methods, such as circle, spline, Gaussian and Power, enable you to analyze:

-Advancing / receding contact angle

-Irregular angle

3. Twelve surface free energy calculating models, providing you more options to estimate surface free energy and its distributions.

Exclusively provided 12 methods for estimating surface free energy, e.g. Equation of State (Neumann et al.), Good-Girifalco, Owen-Wendt-Rabel, Simple Fowkes, Extended Fowkes, WU method 1-2, Schultz method 1-2, Acid-base (Van OSS & Good), Jhu, and Zizman Plot (critical surface tension) method, can be used to measure surface free energy and its distribution (dispersive force, polar force and hydrogen bond value, and Lewis acid-base, etc.) of low / high energy solid surface.

4. 300 kinds of liquids with 800 data values of liquid surface tension and its contributions as reference data or for faster analysis of surface free energy of solid.

5. Unique interfacial tensiometer of liquid-gas / liquid-liquid with Young-Laplace equation fitting method based on Bashford-Adams table and Realdrop^TM, used for oscillating drop tests, surface tension measurement of medium to high viscosity sample, dynamic surface / interface tension measurement of surfactant, and oscillating & expanding drop measurement (corresponding modules are required).

6. Unique curve base line correction technology for measurement of contact angle of lower / upper convex.

Exclusive curve base line based circle-fitting or curve-fitting of unilateral arbitrary curve shapes with easier operation and more accurate result.

7. Rod, thread and tilted plate method based interface tension and contact angle measurement for analysis of contact angle of single fiber. (Need to choose and buy related accessories)

8. Dual-software triggering technology for analysis of complicated dynamic / static contact angle.

Unique dual-software triggering technology of CAST®3.0 can not only be applied to measure static contact angle but also advancing / receding contact angle, roll off angle, time-dependent (standard speed is 25 FPS, and camera with higher speed are optional) contact angle and zero-time contact angle of ultra-water absorption material (e.g. powder, fiber, paper, and artificial periosteum). It is applied more extensively with better measured result.

9. Unique technology of wetting behavior analysis (WBA / wetting envelopes).

A 2D map of wetting envelope can be constructed by using the components of surface free energy and corresponding method (such as OWEN), and a plot produces to show how wettability occurs. It is another way of understanding contact angle, hence degree of wetting, arise from an understanding of the forces existing in the material and between the materials.

Wetting behavior analysis of low-energy solid material

10. More comfortable software user interface

(1) New-generation wizard UI. Our software will implement measuring contact angle, surface free energy automatically at the touch of a finger according to wizard UI. Besides, with our 140-page user manual, you can operate the instrument easily without any professional training.

(2) Unicode based software interface. Its English user interface can easily be changed to other language (such as Simplified-Chinese), and makes it more convenient to operate.

11. Fully automatic analysis of contact angle, adhesive work and surface free energy

(1) Fully automatic. Just press ”Measure”, images capture, contact angle calculation, data storage and real-time display measured value will be done without manual intervention.

(2) Manual modification function. Double-click ”Modify”, you can modify measured values by captured image, and software saves the record of operation traces conveniently to avoid errors of automatic measured value.

(3) Real-time graph. Left / right contact angle, average contact angle, adhesive work, surface free energy used equation of state method can be real-time displayed without extra calculation.

12. Powerful database management for convenient storage, query, and exporting data:

√Access database technology provides you more powerful functions

√ Real-time saving and indexing of measured values

√One-to-one correspondence between measured data and image; corresponding drop image is automatically displayed when the data is selected

√ Historical data query

√ Modification of historical data

√ Importing and backup of historical data

√ Database compression

13. Measured data exportable.

All measured data can be exported into Excel file and image file into BMP file, which can be easily imported into scientific article and testing report.

14. Standardized windows technology based video capture technology with better compatibility.

The standardized design of video capture method with the windows multimedia technology enables compatibility of various contact angle meters around the world. Just enjoy the convenience brought by CAST®3.0.

15. Unique video recording function. Measurement process can be recorded into AVI format for later use.

  Technical Specification

“*” marks the major differences between different models.

				SL150B	SL150S
Subject				Basic type	Standard type
Hardware specifications	Sample stage control	X-Axis		N.A.	Manual, travel range: 50mm, accuracy: 0.01mm; Max. travel range: 150mm for option
		Y-Axis
		Z-Axis		Manual, travel range: 40mm; accuracy: 0.01mm
		Levelness Adjustment		Levelness adjustment of sample stage used manual fine tuning knob, whole instrument levelness adjustment and camera lens tilting unit
		Sample Stage Size		50*50mm
		Max Samples Size		150(W)*∞(L)*50(H)mm
		Max Sample Weight		6.0 kg
	Other control	Dosing control		X,Y-Axis movable, travel range: 12.5mm; accuracy: 0.01mm for adjusting the droplet position and focal distance
		Dosing Control(Z)		Manual, travel range: 12.5mm, accuracy: 0.01mm; For drop transferring
		Tilting of Camera Lens		One-dimensional tilting unit with micrometer and locking function
		Anti-dazzling		Anti-dazzling plate for option
		Accessories		Optional: Special holders for fiber, films and leaf that are used to analyze contact angles of fiber or samples with poor planeness surface.
	Dosing system	Model		Manual direct syringe pump
		Accuracy		0.01mm, 0.02uL
		Drop Transferring Method		Manually-controlled
		Needle		Disposable needles, including 0.24, 0.3, 0.5, 0.9,2mm OD stainless steel needles, 0.2 OD needles as well as PTFE needles, etc., especially for measuring contact angles of super-hydrophobic materials or contact angles between glue and solid materials.
	Optical vision system	Lens		0.8-fold zoom telecentric lens ( 0.8X magnification), NA:0.01,TV Distortion:0.08%
		Camera		Industrial mono video camera, USB 2.0 port, Resolution: 752*480 (standard WVGA format); Image speed: -87(Full Screen)-600(752*60) FPS,FOV:1.33-17.14mm; UV filter Cameras with higher resolutions of 130M,300M,500M are available; available option speed: 100 FPS, 1,000 FPS or higher; cameras with port GiGE, CameraLink, 1394 is optionally available.
		Background light system		Illumination-adjustable monochromatic LED cold light source and frosted quartz glass soft light plate provides clearer image edge of drop
Software	√ 5 drop shape states : Pendant Drop, Sessile Drop (liquid/gas, liquid/liquid/gas), Captive Drop, Tilted Plate, and Oscillating Drop.
	√ 7 methods to calculate contact angles: θ/2 (WH), circle fitting , ellipse fitting , RealDrop? , curve ruler (tangent fitting ), Spline curve-fitting , and Young-Laplace equation fitting (ADSA?), etc.
	√ Data acquisition: Combination of both full-automatic measurement and manual modification. Just press “Measure”, the software will complete whole process of capture, finding edge, finding sensitive spots, fitting curves, calculating contact angle values, and displaying calculation results without manual participation so as to reduce the effect of human factors.
	√ Contact angle measuring technology: Mathematical model fitting and real-drop contour measurement solves the problem of measurement of asymmetric drop shape or drop without apex.
	√ Automatic curve base line correction: Correction of upper convex sample surface, lower concave surface, or roughness of surface.
	√ Dynamic/static contact angle measurement: Measuring advancing / receding /tilting/roll off angles.
	√ Image capture methods: Single/continuous capture with 25 FPS. Higher speed of 60 FPS, 100 FPS, or 1,000 FPS are optional available.
	√ Unique dual-software triggering technology: Measurement of first-time-point contact angle for analyzing powder, paper and other hygroscopic materials; whole-process capturing of small contact angle measurement.
	√ Calculation and comparison of left and right contact angle and their average values.
	√ Automatically generated data graph: Real-time observation of contact angle changes.
	√ Powerful database management: One-to-one correspondence of data and drop images; backup, compression, and exporting to Excel files; measured values and curve-fitting results can all be saved into exported image, visually and clearly.
	√ Video recording: Recording visual images in AVI format and also for PPT file.
	√ Evaluation models for surface free energy Exclusively providing 12 methods for calculating surface free energy, e.g. Equation of State (Neumann et al.), Good-Girifalco, Owen-Wendt-Rabel, Simple Fowkes, Extended Fowkes, WU method 1-2, Schultz method 1-2, Acid-base (Van OSS & Good), Jhu, and Zizman Plot (critical surface tension) method, for measurement of surface free energy and its distribution (dispersive force, polar force and hydrogen bond value, and Lewis acid-base, etc.) of low/high free energy solid.
	√ Wetting behavior analysis (WBA -Wetting Envelopes)
	√ Automatic calculation of droplet volume、adhesive work and Equation of state based surface free energy for measurement of surface tension of films, to replace Dyne test pens.
General Specifications	Measuring Range of Contact Angles		0°＜θ＜180°
	Resolution		0.01°
	Accuracy		±1° (θ/2 method) ±0.1° circle fitting method
	Measuring Range of Interface Tension		0.001-2000mN/m
	Resolution		0.001mN/m
	Methods of Interface Tension		BA table (select plane）, 4th Young-Laplace equation fitting
	Dimension and Weight		150Wx535Lx400Hmm 8kg
	Power Supply		AC100~240V 50/60HZ

 

 

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Accessories

 

1. Environmental chamber

→ Temperature sample chamber

(1) Solid sample temperature control,

(2) Temperature control of test liquid;

(1) and (2) are two temperature control systems for controlling temperature of liquid sample and solid sample respectively. Clients can purchase either or both of them.

→ The following environmental chambers for solid samples are optional:

(1) Sample chamber

- Connect to water circulators to control temperature of sample

- Temperature range: -40-150℃,

- Resolution: 0.01℃℃

(2) Peltier semiconductor heating and refrigerating chamber: Temperature range:5-85℃, resolution: 0.5℃;

(3) Special temperature heating chamber:

Any special requirements for temperature control, such as 200℃ and 400℃, please contact us for confirmation.

It is recommended to use water circulator for liquid temperature control.

→ Contact angle measurement in high-temperature of 1400℃, 1700℃, 1800℃, and 2000℃ can be realized; a down payment is required for customisation.

→ Contact angle measurement in vacuum environment or different gas envronments can be realized; a down payment is required for customisation.

→ Sample chamber: Sample can be kept completely stable and free from effect of temperature and light dazzling; a down payment is required for customisation.

→ Sample chamber for measurement of high-temperature interface tension:

Method of pendent drop or sessile drop is used for measuring interface tension between melted solid materials and air; a down payment is required for customisation.

2. Full set of syringes and needles.

→ Full set of high-precision micro syringes: 25μL, 100μL, 500μL, and 1000μL, etc.

→ Full set of needles: PTFE, stainless steel (various OD such as 2mm, 1mm, 0.5mm,0.3mm, 0.23mm,etc. ), plastic, and curved needles for captive drop method etc.

3. Software-controlled dual-channel syringe pump of high-precision

4. Special sample holders for holding fiber, film and paper etc.

5. Sample vessel made of quartz glass for captive drop method and pendant drop in interface tension measurement.

6. Module of oscillating drop method (interface rheology ODM/EDM)

(1) The leading-edge high-frequency oscillator and oscillation control system designed by USA KINO enable higher control precision and more flexible control mode. Oscillator with different oscillation frequencies and amplitudes is available at your option.

No.	Oscillation amplitude	Max. frequency
1	2uL	100Hz
2	10uL	100Hz
3	10uL	60Hz
4	20uL	60Hz

(2) Optional sample dosing syringe: 0.5μL, 1μL, 5μL, 15μL, 100μL, 500μL and 1,000μL etc.

(3) The Oscillation waveforms cover sine wave, cosine wave, triangular wave, linear wave and saw tooth wave without attenuation or distortion when below 2K Hz.

 

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Special Statements

1.The above production pictures and technical specifications are subject to change without notice; and the latest confirmed product information shall prevail.

2. All rights reserved by USA Kino Industry Co. Ltd.